For some scholars, such as Kant, the sciences and the arts could be distinguished by taking science as representing the domain of knowledge and the arts as representing the domain of the freedom of artistic expression. Works of art can be explicitly made for this purpose or interpreted on the basis of images or objects.
Art is something that stimulates an individual's thoughts, emotions, beliefs, or ideas through the senses. The creative arts ( art as discipline) are a collection of disciplines which produce artworks ( art as objects) that are compelled by a personal drive (art as activity) and convey a message, mood, or symbolism for the perceiver to interpret (art as experience). Within this latter sense, the word art may refer to several things: (i) a study of a creative skill, (ii) a process of using the creative skill, (iii) a product of the creative skill, or (iv) the audience's experience with the creative skill. Fine art refers to a skill used to express the artist's creativity, or to engage the audience's aesthetic sensibilities, or to draw the audience towards consideration of more refined or finer work of art. The more recent and specific sense of the word art as an abbreviation for creative art or fine art emerged in the early 17th century. Aristotle believed that imitation is natural to mankind and constitutes one of mankind's advantages over animals. Lastly, the forms differ in their manner of imitation-through narrative or character, through change or no change, and through drama or no drama. Comedy, for instance, is a dramatic imitation of men worse than average whereas tragedy imitates men slightly better than average. The forms also differ in their object of imitation. For example, music imitates with the media of rhythm and harmony, whereas dance imitates with rhythm alone, and poetry with language. With regards to the literary art and the musical arts, Aristotle considered epic poetry, tragedy, comedy, Dithyrambic poetry and music to be mimetic or imitative art, each varying in imitation by medium, object, and manner. The dialogue Ion suggests that Homer's Iliad functioned in the ancient Greek world as the Bible does today in the modern Christian world: as divinely inspired literary art that can provide moral guidance, if only it can be properly interpreted. In Ion, Socrates gives no hint of the disapproval of Homer that he expresses in the Republic. He speaks approvingly of this, and other forms of divine madness (drunkenness, eroticism, and dreaming) in the Phaedrus(265a–c), and yet in the Republic wants to outlaw Homer's great poetic art, and laughter as well. Several dialogues in Plato tackle questions about art: Socrates says that poetry is inspired by the muses, and is not rational.
Over time, philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, Socrates and Kant, among others, questioned the meaning of art.
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The resulting artworks are studied in the professional fields of art criticism and the history of art.Ģ0th-century bottle, Twa peoples, Rwanda, Artistic works may serve practical functions, in addition to their decorative value. The nature of art and related concepts, such as creativity and interpretation, are explored in a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics. In modern usage after the 17th century, where aesthetic considerations are paramount, the fine arts are separated and distinguished from acquired skills in general, such as the decorative or applied arts. Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences. Theatre, dance, and other performing arts, as well as literature, music, film and other media such as interactive media, are included in a broader definition of the arts. The three classical branches of visual art are painting, sculpture, and architecture.
There is no generally agreed definition of what constitutes art, and ideas have changed over time. 1484–1486) by Sandro Botticelli and an Okinawan Shisa lionĪrt is a diverse range or product of human activity that involves creative or imaginative talent expressive of technical proficiency, beauty, emotional power, or conceptual ideas.
Clockwise from upper left: an 1887 self-portrait by Vincent van Gogh a female ancestor figure by a Chokwe artist detail from The Birth of Venus (c.
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